Monday, March 12, 2012

Translation of proskuneo and shachah in the New World "Translation"

I used theWord Bible software to produce this. New World Translation quotes are from the jw.org website and therefore the most current version.

Proskuneo - προσκυνέω - "To worship" - Strong's No G4352 - is used 54 times in the Greek New Testament and 172 times in the Greek Septuagint. Shachah - שׁחה - "to bow down" - Strong's No H7812 - is used 266 times in the Hebrew Masoretic text.

Almost without exception in the New Testament, the word is translated "worship", "bow down", "kneel before", or some tense variation thereof, in every known English translation.

There is ONE instance of the use of "obeisance" in the NWT Old Testament, and it's in 2 Chr 20:18. Interesting that the WBTS would use obeisance in this case, but who said they're ever consistent?
 18 At once Je·hosh´a·phat bowed low with his face to the earth, and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem themselves fell down before Jehovah to do obeisance to Jehovah.

In the NWT, almost without exception only when it applies to Jesus, it is translated "do obeisance to". Here are the verses in the NWT that have proskuneo in the Greek. I haven't bothered with the OT references at this point, but it would be an interesting study to look at the passages that Christians understand to be referencing Jesus as Jehovah, and where worship is ascribed to Him, particularly the "The Angel of the LORD" passages.

Matt 2:2 saying: “Where is the one born king of the Jews? For we saw his star [when we were] in the east, and we have come to do him obeisance.” NWT

Matt 2:8 and, when sending them to Beth´le·hem, he said: “Go make a careful search for the young child, and when YOU have found it report back to me, that I too may go and do it obeisance.” NWT

Matt 2:11 And when they went into the house they saw the young child with Mary its mother, and, falling down, they did obeisance to it. They also opened their treasures and presented it with gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. NWT

Matt 4:9 and he said to him: “All these things I will give you if you fall down and do an act of worship to me.” NWT

Matt 4:10 Then Jesus said to him: “Go away, Satan! For it is written, ‘It is Jehovah your God you must worship, and it is to him alone you must render sacred service.’” NWT

Matt 8:2 And, look! a leprous man came up and began doing obeisance to him, saying: “Lord, if you just want to, you can make me clean.” NWT

Matt 9:18 While he was telling them these things, look! a certain ruler who had approached began to do obeisance to him, saying: “By now my daughter must be dead; but come and lay your hand upon her and she will come to life.”  NWT

Matt 14:33 Then those in the boat did obeisance to him, saying: “You are really God’s Son.” NWT

Matt 15:25 When the woman came she began doing obeisance to him, saying: “Lord, help me!” NWT

Matt 18:26 Therefore the slave fell down and began to do obeisance to him, saying, ‘Be patient with me and I will pay back everything to you.’ NWT

Matt 20:20 Then the mother of the sons of Zeb´e·dee approached him with her sons, doing obeisance and asking for something from him. NWT

Matt 28:9 And, look! Jesus met them and said: “Good day!” They approached and caught him by his feet and did obeisance to him. NWT

Matt 28:17 and when they saw him they did obeisance, but some doubted. NWT

Mark 5:6 But on catching sight of Jesus from a distance he ran and did obeisance to him, NWT

Mark 15:19 Also, they would hit him on the head with a reed and spit upon him and, bending their knees, they would do obeisance to him. NWT

Luke 4:7 You, therefore, if you do an act of worship before me, it will all be yours.” NWT

Luke 4:8 In reply Jesus said to him: “It is written, ‘It is Jehovah your God you must worship, and it is to him alone you must render sacred service.’”  NWT

Luke 24:52 And they did obeisance to him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. NWT

John 4:20 Our forefathers worshiped in this mountain; but YOU people say that in Jerusalem is the place where persons ought to worship.” NWT

John 4:21 Jesus said to her: “Believe me, woman, The hour is coming when neither in this mountain nor in Jerusalem will YOU people worship the Father. NWT

John 4:22 YOU worship what YOU do not know; we worship what we know, because salvation originates with the Jews. NWT

John 4:23 Nevertheless, the hour is coming, and it is now, when the true worshipers will worship the Father with spirit and truth, for, indeed, the Father is looking for suchlike ones to worship him. NWT

John 4:24 God is a Spirit, and those worshiping him must worship with spirit and truth.” NWT

John 9:38 Then he said: “I do put faith [in him], Lord.” And he did obeisance to him. NWT

John 12:20 Now there were some Greeks among those that came up to worship at the festival. NWT

Acts 7:43 But it was the tent of Mo´loch and the star of the god Re´phan that YOU took up, the figures which YOU made to worship them. Consequently I will deport YOU beyond Babylon.’  NWT

Acts 8:27 With that he rose and went, and, look! an E·thi·o´pi·an eunuch, a man in power under Can·da´ce queen of the E·thi·o´pi·ans, and who was over all her treasure. He had gone to Jerusalem to worship, NWT

Acts 10:25 As Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell down at his feet and did obeisance to him. NWT

Acts 24:11 as you are in a position to find out that for me it has not been more than twelve days since I went up to worship in Jerusalem; NWT

1Cor 14:25 the secrets of his heart become manifest, so that he will fall upon [his] face and worship God, declaring: “God is really among YOU.”  NWT

Heb 1:6 But when he again brings his Firstborn into the inhabited earth, he says: “And let all God’s angels do obeisance to him.”  NWT

Heb 11:21 By faith Jacob, when about to die, blessed each of the sons of Joseph and worshiped leaning upon the top of his staff.  NWT

Rev 3:9 Look! I will give those from the synagogue of Satan who say they are Jews, and yet they are not but are lying—look! I will make them come and do obeisance before your feet and make them know I have loved you. NWT

Rev 4:10 the twenty-four elders fall down before the One seated upon the throne and worship the One that lives forever and ever, and they cast their crowns before the throne, saying: NWT

Rev 5:14 And the four living creatures went saying: “Amen!” and the elders fell down and worshiped.  NWT

Rev 7:11 And all the angels were standing around the throne and the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell upon their faces before the throne and worshiped God, NWT

Rev 9:20 But the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues did not repent of the works of their hands, so that they should not worship the demons and the idols of gold and silver and copper and stone and wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk; NWT

Rev 11:1 And a reed like a rod was given me as he said: “Get up and measure the temple [sanctuary] of God and the altar and those worshiping in it. NWT

Rev 11:16 And the twenty-four elders who were seated before God upon their thrones fell upon their faces and worshiped God, NWT

Rev 13:4 And they worshiped the dragon because it gave the authority to the wild beast, and they worshiped the wild beast with the words: “Who is like the wild beast, and who can do battle with it?” NWT

Rev 13:8 And all those who dwell on the earth will worship it; the name of not one of them stands written in the scroll of life of the Lamb who was slaughtered, from the founding of the world.  NWT

Rev 13:12 And it exercises all the authority of the first wild beast in its sight. And it makes the earth and those who dwell in it worship the first wild beast, whose death-stroke got healed. NWT

Rev 13:15 And there was granted it to give breath to the image of the wild beast, so that the image of the wild beast should both speak and cause to be killed all those who would not in any way worship the image of the wild beast.  NWT

Rev 14:7 saying in a loud voice: “FEAR God and give him glory, because the hour of the judgment by him has arrived, and so worship the One who made the heaven and the earth and sea and fountains of waters.”  NWT

Rev 14:9 And another angel, a third, followed them, saying in a loud voice: “If anyone worships the wild beast and its image, and receives a mark on his forehead or upon his hand, NWT

Rev 14:11 And the smoke of their torment ascends forever and ever, and day and night they have no rest, those who worship the wild beast and its image, and whoever receives the mark of its name. NWT

Rev 15:4 Who will not really fear you, Jehovah, and glorify your name, because you alone are loyal? For all the nations will come and worship before you, because your righteous decrees have been made manifest.”  NWT

Rev 16:2 And the first one went off and poured out his bowl into the earth. And a hurtful and malignant ulcer came to be upon the men that had the mark of the wild beast and that were worshiping its image.  NWT

Rev 19:4 And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God seated upon the throne, and said: “Amen! Praise Jah, YOU people!”  NWT

Rev 19:10 At that I fell down before his feet to worship him. But he tells me: “Be careful! Do not do that! All I am is a fellow slave of you and of your brothers who have the work of witnessing to Jesus. Worship God; for the bearing witness to Jesus is what inspires prophesying.”  NWT

Rev 19:20 And the wild beast was caught, and along with it the false prophet that performed in front of it the signs with which he misled those who received the mark of the wild beast and those who render worship to its image. While still alive, they both were hurled into the fiery lake that burns with sulphur. NWT

Rev 20:4 And I saw thrones, and there were those who sat down on them, and power of judging was given them. Yes, I saw the souls of those executed with the ax for the witness they bore to Jesus and for speaking about God, and those who had worshiped neither the wild beast nor its image and who had not received the mark upon their forehead and upon their hand. And they came to life and ruled as kings with the Christ for a thousand years. NWT

Rev 22:8 Well, I John was the one hearing and seeing these things. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel that had been showing me these things. NWT

Rev 22:9 But he tells me: “Be careful! Do not do that! All I am is a fellow slave of you and of your brothers who are prophets and of those who are observing the words of this scroll. Worship God.”  NWT

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